Communication Skills
Introduction: Beyond Silence and Words
Diseases associated with dementia, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, affect not only the patient but the whole family. Sometimes we look for a familiar face in our loved ones’ eyes; we make eye contact, but somehow can’t speak the same language. Words fall short, patience is tested, and fatigue is felt. However, good communication is the cornerstone of the care process. Because communication is not just about speaking; touching, feeling, and being silent together are also forms of communication. So, how can we maintain healthy and respectful communication with our loved ones as we cope with dementia?
The Importance of Communication in Dementia
Dementia gradually weakens language and communication skills along with memory. Studies show that the meaning of the spoken words may diminish over time and sentences may become more complex in people with dementia. Even the simplest questions can be answered with a delay or not at all. This process is emotionally challenging for both the patient and the caregiver. At this point, effective communication is not just about providing information, but also about honoring the person’s existence and feelings.
7 Essential Rules for Communicating with Dementia Patients
Prioritize Calmness and Patience
The most important step in communicating with dementia patients is to approach them patiently. Sometimes the same questions may be repeated or answers may be mixed up. These behaviors are a natural part of the illness, and should not be taken personally. Research shows that when caregivers remain calm and consistent, patient stress is reduced. Take a deep breath when speaking, and give yourself a few seconds. Remember, this is a journey for you too.
Make Eye Contact and Use Physical Closeness
Words may not be enough, but eye contact, a touch, or a warm smile always have meaning. Physical communication helps dementia patients feel more emotionally secure. When starting a conversation, sit directly at their eye level and gently hold their hand if necessary. Scientific evidence shows that physical support reduces anxiety and helps build a bond.
Speak Short, Clear, and Slowly
Long and complicated sentences can be confusing for someone with dementia. Keeping your sentences as simple, clear, and short as possible ensures sustainable communication. Express only one idea at a time. For example, simple instructions like “Let’s stand up and take a little walk now” are more effective for most patients. Also, slowing down your speech makes it easier to understand.
Guide with Names and Simple Gestures
Sometimes vague phrases like “Can you get that?” may not make sense to the patient. Instead, use clear and specific sentences, such as “Could you please hand me the cup on the table?” If needed, point or show the object to help. Research shows that misunderstandings between patient and caregiver decrease when verbal clarity is provided.
Empathize and Respond Supportively
If your loved one remembers things incorrectly or feels differently, acknowledging their feelings rather than correcting the facts is usually more helpful. For example, saying, “Yes, this may have upset you; I understand you,” helps the patient feel understood. Sometimes connecting over the feeling, not the fact, can be healing. A small gesture of empathy is a reminder that your loved one isn’t alone.
Keep the Environment Quiet and Focused
Environments that are noisy with a TV, radio, or lots of people can increase confusion for dementia patients. Conducting conversations and interactions in a calm and quiet atmosphere strengthens perception. For instance, if you’re about to talk about something important, move away from the TV or reduce distractions. You can also adjust lighting and seating arrangements to create a more peaceful environment.
Remember Alternative Communication Tools
In some types of dementia, speech may be completely lost. In such cases, gestures, facial expressions, photographs, or shared activities can continue meaningful communication. For example, talking about a family photo can evoke a sense of shared memory. Alternative communication allows you to complement each other through nonverbal means.
Some Practical Communication Tips
Speak so your face is visible: This helps with lip reading or interpreting gestures.
Avoid multiple questions at once: Give one question or instruction at a time.
Use positive statements: Prefer positive phrases such as “Let’s do it this way” instead of “Don’t do that.”
Don’t get upset if there is no response: Allow for extra time, and repeat your sentence if necessary.
Revisit old memories: Mentioning a good memory from the past from time to time can strengthen a sense of closeness.
Coping with Challenges: The Unseen Side of Being a Caregiver
Anyone caring for a person with dementia goes through a difficult, and sometimes lonely, journey. No matter how much effort we put in, at times it may feel thankless. But remember, a look, a touch, or simply being there can mean a great deal to your loved one. Scientific studies have shown that caregivers emotionally preparing themselves for this journey indirectly has a positive effect on the patient. Remind yourself again and again that you are not alone, and this journey is shared.
Remember: Every Communication is a Bond
Ultimately, the understanding and patience you offer your loved ones with dementia are of utmost importance. Even when they can’t speak, know that they still need your feelings and goodwill. You may not always share the same words, but your bond will be strengthened by love and understanding. Each time you try to communicate, you plant a seed of hope.
Resources
Alzheimer's Society (2023). "Communicating with people with dementia." Link
World Health Organization (2021). "Dementia: Key facts."
Ketola, K., & Stein, K. (2020). "Communication strategies for dementia care." Geriatric Nursing, 41(6), 772-778.
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